Ryan Lenk

How to Learn SEO and AI Search for Free

Last updated August 29, 2026. Every link and every product state on this page was checked on that date. Product states move faster than links do, so if you are reading this months later, verify before you act on it.

This is the list I send people when they ask me where to learn this. Everything on it is free, and I have typed it out by hand enough times that it should live somewhere permanent.

Why a list instead of a course

People ask me to name a course with a price tag on it, and what I hand them instead is a reading list.

Here is the part nobody tells you when you are starting out: the best material in this field is published free by the people at the top of it. The search engines document their own systems in public, and the agencies charging enterprise rates give their manuals away. You do not have to be anyone's client to read what they know. You just have to actually read it, which is where most of this falls apart.

Best practices hand you an endless checklist. Understanding how ranking works gives you the reason underneath the checklist. Once you can see why a page ranks, most of your list writes itself. The rest of it stops being frightening.

Everything below is free. Nobody paid for placement and I earn nothing if you click.

If you read one thing, read this

The SEO Starter Guide. It is Google's own onboarding for the entire discipline, it is free, and the people who built the thing you are trying to understand are the ones who wrote it.

Your competitors are learning this secondhand from someone's summary of someone else's thread, while the source sits there in the open.

Straight from Google

The documentation that answers most of your questions

  • E-E-A-T stands for experience, expertise, authoritativeness and trust, and it confuses more beginners than anything else I get asked about. It describes how raters and systems assess a page. You cannot install it as a feature, which is what people keep trying to do.
  • Debugging drops in Search traffic is the document to open before you panic. It separates an algorithm update from a technical problem from a seasonal dip.
  • Optimizing for generative AI features is Google's own statement on showing up in AI Overviews and AI Mode. Read the section called "Mythbusting generative AI search: what you don't need to do" carefully. It kills several things you will see recommended everywhere, including the idea that schema markup is required for AI visibility.
  • In June 2026 Google announced generative AI performance reports in Search Console. If you go looking and the report is missing, Google documents two reasons. The first is that the rollout is still staged. The second is that your site has not had enough impressions in those surfaces, and Google notes that can happen because you excluded yourself from them. Do not read a missing report as a verdict on your site until you have ruled out the rollout.

Microsoft's free tools

Skipping Microsoft is a mistake I see constantly. Copilot answers stand on Bing's index, and Clarity gives away what comparable vendors charge real money for.

  • Bing Webmaster Tools is the Bing equivalent of Search Console. It is also your route into Copilot, and the AI Performance report lives there.
  • Microsoft Clarity gives you heatmaps and session recordings, free, with no traffic cap, plus an AI citations dashboard.

Between them, those two reports are where every citation figure I have ever published came from. They are the cheapest way to learn whether AI is pulling from your pages. Do not add them together: Bing logs citation events while Clarity attributes citations to pages, and the two denominators are not the same. Stacking them is how I once published a citation number I had to retract.

One thing I want you to hear before you go chase that number. On the store I have measured longest, 143 citations between June 10 and July 23 drove 0.0022% of site sessions. Being cited by an AI answer is not the same as being visited, and I track the two as separate scoreboards for that reason. Chase citations with your eyes open.

The one daily source I would not skip

Search Engine Roundtable. Barry Schwartz has reported on search near daily for over two decades. When something breaks or an update rolls out, it appears there first. He also corrects himself in public when he gets something wrong, which is the standard I hold every source on your list to.

Free courses on AI search

AEO means answer engine optimization and GEO means generative engine optimization. Both describe the same shift: people ask ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity and Google's AI features for answers, and those engines pick which sources to cite. If those terms are new, I wrote the long version in plain English.

Fair warning on the vendor academies. The courses are lead generation for their platforms. The coursework is real anyway. Bring a spare email address if that bothers you. That warning covers my top pick too. It is an agency's manual, and it is still the best thing on this page.

The llms.txt trap

llms.txt is a file at the root of your site that tells AI models how to read it. You will see it recommended constantly right now, and Google has said plainly that you do not need one to appear in Google Search.

Here is what actually bit me, and it is the more useful story. On Shopify you do not get to decide whether you have an llms.txt. The platform generates one and mirrors it from /agents.md. On the store I work on, that auto-generated file was serving Shopify's boilerplate and naming zero of our guide pages. Meanwhile a hand-built version sat at /pages/llms-txt for a month, mapping thirteen guides. No model reads that path. The good work was stranded and the file that shipped was the empty one.

The fix was a theme template, which takes over all three agent-discovery URLs at once. Here is the part I will not oversell. I cannot show you what the stranded file cost your traffic. Google says it does not use these files at all, and I have no measurement pointing the other way. I still maintain one on my own site and on the store, and I still cannot tell you what it earns.

The lesson is worth more than the file: opening your llms.txt in a browser and seeing something reasonable proves nothing. Confirm which file your site is serving at the root. I have now watched that same bug class hit three different sites, and verification is the transferable part.

The order I would go in

Start with the Starter Guide. Install Bing Webmaster Tools and Clarity the same week. Both need time to collect data before they teach you anything about your visitors. I wrote that setup out click by click in the 30-minute measurement stack. Subscribe to the Search Central Blog and Search Engine Roundtable so the week's news arrives in your inbox without you hunting for it. Then work the AI search material at whatever pace your week allows. Start with Google's generative AI guide, then the iPullRank manual.

I also keep a full wiki on my subreddit, r/GenerativeOptimizers, and you are welcome there any time.

If you would rather work the whole site in order than work a list, start here puts every guide and tool in sequence. The free scanner tells you where you stand before you read any of it.

Questions people ask me about this list

Do I need to pay for an SEO course to learn this?

No. Every resource on this page costs nothing, and the densest material in the field comes from the search engines themselves and from agencies who publish their manuals openly. Paid courses can be fine. They are not the barrier people assume they are.

Where should I start if I have never done any of this?

Read Google's SEO Starter Guide. Set up Bing Webmaster Tools and Microsoft Clarity in the same week so both begin gathering data early. Move on to the AI search material once those two are running.

What is the difference between SEO, AEO and GEO?

SEO is optimizing to rank in a list of search results. AEO means answer engine optimization and GEO means generative engine optimization, and both name the same newer problem: getting cited when someone asks ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity or Google's AI features a question instead of running a search.

Do I need an llms.txt file?

Google has said you do not need one to appear in Google Search. Shopify generates one for you either way, so the real question is whether your root serves your file or the platform default. Go check which one is live on your domain.

Is Microsoft Clarity really free?

Yes. You get heatmaps, session recordings and an AI citations dashboard at no cost and with no traffic cap.

Why is my Search Console generative AI report missing?

Google gives two reasons. The rollout has not reached every property yet, and your site may not have enough impressions in those surfaces. Rule out the rollout before you conclude anything about your own visibility.

Does being cited by AI bring me traffic?

Not reliably. Across 143 citations on the store I have tracked longest, AI referrals came to 0.0022% of sessions in that window. Treat citations and visits as two separate scoreboards.

What I get out of this

Nobody paid for placement, I hold no affiliation with any company on this page, and I earn nothing if you click. What I do have is a stake: I sell AEO and SEO work by the hour at ryanlenk.com. Nothing on this list is a client, a partner or an affiliate. All of it is free whether you ever hire me or not. Go use it.

Something missing? Tell me and if the answer is good it goes into the list with your name on it.